Human damage and fencing

This subfile documents various cases of human-induced damage to cultural heritage sites and artifacts worldwide, spanning from the 1970s to the 1990s. It includes topics such as vandalism, graffiti, structural degradation from tourism, and inappropriate restoration efforts, etc. Examples range from graffiti on the Parthenon in Greece, to a tunnel through a tomb at Nakbe, Guatemala, to the erosion of mosaics in Kourion, Cyprus, iconoclasm at Dendera Temple in Egypt, and even a golf course built in an area with rock art at Waikoloa, Hawaii. There are also references to fences and barriers erected to control crowds or protect vulnerable areas, such as at the Longmen Grottoes in China and Zion National Park in Utah. Additionally, the subfile highlights challenges related to tourism infrastructure, such as the construction of walkways over historical sites and the impact of large tourist groups, as seen in sites like Machu Picchu in Peru, and Teotihuacán in Mexico. There is also an image of a newspaper clipping regarding destruction of an illegal constructions of buildings on Huyauan Street in Haidian District in Western Beijing, China. Finally, there is an image of anti-looting poster by UNESCO from 1990, and a signage from Beijing warning the public of the illegality of destruction of heritage objects.
 

Some of the people identified in the slides include:
 

On slide NSP-02-007-09 Vincent Battle at Jabrin, Oman in 1983. 

On slide NSP-02-011-11 Omar Claure at Samaipata, Bolivia in 1991
 

The locations and corresponding dates of images that are represented in this subfile are listed below in alphabetical order by country:
 

Andorra: Santa Coloma (n/d) 

Bolivia: Samaipata (1991), La Paz Statue (1988), Samaipata (1991) 

Brazil: Ouro Preto (1996) 

Canada: Nanaimo (1997) 

Chile: Ahu Te Pito Kura, Easter Island (1984), Aldea de Tulor (1986), Encanto (1984), Petorca (1995)

China: Baodingshan Great Buddha (1992), Beijing (1992, 1999), Gongxian (1992), Longmen Grottoes (1992), Longmen (1992) 

Cyprus: Curium Ancient Theatre (1995), Khirokitia (1995), Lemba-Lakkous (1976), Tombs of the Kings, Paphos (1989), Vouni (1970) 

Egypt: Cairo (1987), Colossi of Memnon (1987), Dendera Temple (1987), Elephantine (1987), Luxor Mamesseum (1998), Luxor Valley of Queens (1987), Memphis (1987) 

France: Pech Merle (n/a) 

Greece: Archaeological Museum of Rhodes (1986), Knossos Temple (1994), Parthenon (1986), Propylaea, Athens (1995), Queen's Megaron, Knossos (1994), Rhodes (1986), West Magazines, Knossos (1994) 

Guatemala: Dos Pilas (1990), Nakbe (1990) 

Israel: Ein Yael, Jerusalem (1990), Nahal Oren (n/d), Shrine of Hathor, Timna (1976), Zion Gate, Jerusalem (1993) 

Italy: Arch of Constantine, Rome (n/d), Colosseum, Rome (1999), Forum of Trajan, Rome (1997), Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna (1985), Ostia Antica (1983), Otricoli Theatre (1986), Palazzo Massimo, Rome (1986), Palestrina (1984), Pompeii (1984), Roman Forum (1984), San Giovenale Archaeological Site (1983), Tiber Island, Rome (1986), Trajan's Forum, Rome (1996), Venice (1981-1986) 

Jordan: Ajloun (1982), Jerash (1982) 

Kenya: Jumba La Mtwana (1980) 

Malta: Ġgantija (1982), Mnajdra (1982), Hagar Qim Temple (1982) 

Mexico: Cacaxtla Archaeological Site (1986), Cacaxtla (1986), Mexico City (1997), Teotihuacán (1986), Templo Mayor (1986), Tlatelolco Archaeological Site (1986) 

Oman: Jabrin (1983), Wadi Adai (1984) 

Peru: Saqsaywaman (1986), Intihuatana, Machu Picchu (1986) 

Portugal: Peneda-Geres National Park (1999) 

Spain: Santimamiñe Cave (1987) 

Turkey: Alanya Castle (1984), Ephesus (1994, 1995), Istanbul (1996), Basilica Cistern, Side (1984) 

UK: Bank of Thames, London (1982), Avebury (1991), Jorvik Viking Centre, York (1984), York (1984) 

USA: Los Padres National Forest, Skull Rock (1992), Mockingbird Canyon, California (1990), Pool Rock, California (1993), Santa Barbara (1987), Trail Fork (1991), Washington Monument (1999), Zion National Park, Utah (1987), Phoenix Mountain (1997), Pueblo Grande Ruin (1987), Hawaii (1994), Waikoloa, Hawaii (1994)