1. General Information on Cookies
- 1.1 Definition
  Cookies are small text files that are placed and stored on your computer or mobile device when you visit a website. They are then read by the website on subsequent visits to the same website. Cookies enable a website to remember your inputs and preferences (such as log-in data, preferred language or other display preferences), so that you are not asked to enter the information again when browsing the website or when you return to the website another time. Cookies are used for the purposes of authenticating the user, monitoring user sessions, and saving information on how you interact with the website. They may contain exclusive identifiers for tracking browsing activity and user experience for statistical or advertising purposes. While browsing, your computer or mobile device may receive cookies from third-party servers or websites, which are external to the website you are visiting. Some cookies are necessary at a technical level for a website to function; without them, some features may not be available. Cookies can be grouped into the following main types:
  - session or permanent cookies;
  - technical or profiling cookies;
  - first-party or third-party cookies.
- 1.2 Session Cookies and Permanent Cookies
  Some cookies expire at the end of the browser session (a session starts when you launch your browser and ends when you close your browser window). Others may be stored for a longer period of time. Session cookies are temporarily stored to enable websites to connect your actions during a browser session. Session cookies are deleted when you close the browser session. Permanent cookies are instead stored on your device for varying lengths of time, even when the browser is closed, and enable your preferences or actions on a website to be saved..
- 1.3 Technical Cookies and Profiling Cookies
  Technical cookies are used by website owners solely to transmit information over an electronic communications network, or as strictly necessary for the provider of an information service to provide the service expressly requested by you. Technical cookies are used directly by the webmaster and do not require your prior consent. Profiling cookies serve to create a user profile and are used to send targeted advertising messages that match the preferences you show while browsing online. Given that profiling cookies can constitute an invasion of your privacy, European Union regulations and Italian law require that websites inform you about their use through a banner and a more extensive policy statement, and that they obtain your consent for their use the first time you visit the website. By following the instructions provided on the banner appearing on the home page of the website, you can give your general consent to all cookies, or alternatively you can selectively accept or refuse different types of cookies. Your cookie preferences are then stored for subsequent visits to the website. However, you can always withdraw your consent, in whole or in part, at any time.
- 1.4 First-Party Cookies and Third-Party Cookies
  First-party cookies and third-party cookies indicate the website or domain placing the cookies on your computer or mobile device. First-party cookies are cookies set and managed by the owner of the website visited. For these cookies, it is the website owner that is required to provide the relative information and obtain your prior consent/refusal for their use. Third-party cookies are set by an external domain to the one you are visiting. For these cookies, it is the third-party provider that is required to provide the relative information and obtain your prior consent/refusal for their use, whereas the website owner is only required to insert a link to the third-party webpage providing that information.

2. How This Website Uses Cookies

2.1 Introduction Here we provide you with information on the cookies placed by our website and instructions for managing your preferences for them.
2.2 First-Party Cookies
The first-party cookies used by the owner of this website are of a technical nature and include:
- navigational cookies, which are used to save your browsing preferences and improve your browsing experience;
- functionality cookies, which are used to activate specific features of the website and are necessary to provide and improve the service.

As specified above, these are technical cookies and as such do not require your prior consent to be set and used, given the information provided here. Below we list the specific first-party cookies used by this website.

Name	Purpose	Duration
Navigation cookies
i18n_redirected	Saves your language preferences	1 year
Functionality cookies
cookie_control_consent	Stores information on your acceptance of the cookie policy	1 year
cookie_control_enabled_cookies	Stores information on your cookie preferences	1 year

2.3 Third-Party Cookies Third-party cookies may also be set through this website. Below we provide information on the third parties and links to their privacy policies and consent forms. Please note that the owner of this website is required to provide a link in this cookie policy statement to any third-party website setting third-party cookies. However, it is the third party that must provide suitable information on its cookie policy and instructions on how to accept or refuse the cookies it uses. The first type of third-party cookies found on this website are analytics cookies. Specifically, this website uses Google Analytics to analyse how users interact with the website and to improve the service provided. Google Analytics (Google Inc.) Below is a list of the specific types of Google Analytics cookies used and their purpose.

Name Purpose Duration

_ga Used to collect statistics on sessions 2 years

_gid Used to distinguish users 24 hours

_gat Used to throttle the request rate 24 hours
For more detailed information on these cookies, we recommend reading Google’s privacy policy at the following link www.google.it/intl/it/policies/privacy, where you can find information on how Google processes your data and provide your consent, if you so choose. Please note that the information acquired by the analytics cookies identified are anonymized before being sent to the third-party owner. As such, the information cannot be used to identify you personally. The second type of third-party cookies found on this website are functionality cookies. These cookies enable the website to remember your browsing preferences in order to improve the features of the website. For example, functionality cookies enable the website to remember your specific user settings.

3. How to Manage Cookies
To accept or refuse third-party cookies, in addition to the links provided above to the privacy policies of third parties, you can also manage your cookie preferences directly in your browser, for instance to stop third parties from setting cookies. Through your browser preferences you can also delete all the cookies placed on your device in the past, including the cookies that store your consent and acceptance of cookies from this website. It is important to remember that if you disable all cookies, this website may not function properly. Information on how to manage your cookie settings in your browser and/or refuse cookies can be found at the following addresses:

*** *** *** This Cookies Policy is updated as at 23/05/2019. Any further updates will always be published on this page.

Benin. 4th Regional Course and 4th Directors Seminar for Africa 2009, Porto Novo, 2 September - 25 November, by Webber Ndoro & Jospeh King

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