{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":"Site deterioration causes","rendering":{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/oggetti/41887-site-deterioration-causes","format":"text/html","label":"Full record view"},"metadata":[{"label":"Card creation","value":"DE SOUZA||13/09/2024 03:03:39pm"},{"label":"Unique identifier","value":"it-iccrom-ca_objects-41887"},{"label":"Content","value":"<p paraeid=\"{cca6094f-5508-49d3-ae94-9adc564feb34}{30}\" paraid=\"1538655911\">The subfiles contain images that represent various factors contributing to the decay of archaeological sites, remediation and conservation practice across multiple countries. Some of the examples include, but are not limited to, brick and wall deterioration from salt exposure in Mohenjo-Daro, Paristan; erosion of floor level in Nora, Italy; litter in Herculaneum, Italy; vegetation growth, and environmental effects like sandstorms in Dakhleh, Egypt. The subfile also highlights restoration challenges which includes examples such as protection measures by use of nettings for stabilization of a structure in Tharros, Italy; backfilling in Mycenae, Greece; and excavation techniques to stabilize vulnerable areas.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe locations and corresponding dates are listed below in alphabetical order by country:<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Belgium:</strong> Kerkhove (1985)<br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n<strong>Bolivia</strong>: Tiwanaku (1988, 1989)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Bulgaria:</strong> Philippopolis (1980)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>China:</strong> Yungang Cliffs (1992)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Cyprus</strong>: Enkomi (1970), Khirokitia (1990), Maroni (1990), Paphos (1988)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Egypt:</strong> Dakhleh (1984), Karnak (1987), Luxor (1987), Saqqara (1987), Temple of Khnum (1985)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Greece:</strong> Knossos (1970), Mycenae (1969)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Israel:</strong> Lachish (1970s), Tel Dan (1975)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Italy:</strong> Cosa (1982, 1985), Crypta Balbi(1985), Florence (1984), Herculaneum (1983, 1984), Nora, Sardinia&nbsp;(1986), Orpheus (1989), Ostia (1983, 1998), Paestum (1986), Pantheon Piazza (1996), Piazza della Signoria, Florence (1984), Polygonal Masonry, Cosa (1982), Pompeii (1984, 1985), Forum of Augustus, Rome (1981, 1997), Roselle (1985), Sardis (n/d), Tharros, Sardinia (1986)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Jordan</strong>: Khor Rori (1979),&nbsp;Qa&#39;a&nbsp;Azraq (1980s)<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Kenya:</strong> Lamu (1980), Mnarani (1980)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Mexico:</strong> Cacaxtla (1986)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Oman:</strong> Al Balid (1973), Khor Rori (1979)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Pakistan:</strong> Moenjodaro (1983)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Peru:</strong> Caballo Muerto (1977)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Philippines:</strong> Philippines (1980)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Syria:</strong> Palmyra (1987)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Spain</strong>: Fazouro (1990)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>Turkey:</strong> Ephesus (1983), Sardis (1987), Tomb of Amyntas (1984), Troy (1996)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>UK:</strong> Cairn, Dumfries, Scotland (1975) Coppergate Excavations, York (1981), Southampton (1986), South Cadbury, Somerset (1973), York (1986)&nbsp;<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<strong>USA:</strong> Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (1991, 1992), Chickahominy, Virginia (1968), Riverside County, California (1990)"},{"label":"Reproductions and copyright","value":"This collection is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0. All use not specified under this license must be previously and expressly authorized by ICCROM Archives. In the case of records for which ICCROM does not hold the copyright, users shall refer to the copyright-holder. "},{"label":"Storage location","value":"Archive Repository 1/6"},{"label":"Archivist's notes","value":"On sheet number NSP-01-016, there are two slides containing diagrams by Newgrange Co. Meath taken from a publication; two slides by © 1981 York Archaeological Trust of Coppergate Excavations, and two slides containing aerial view of Fazouro site, Spain and Enkomi, Cyprus taken from a publication. On NSP-01-016, there are seven slides of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico © 1991-1992 J. Paul Getty Trust."}],"sequences":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/sequence/normal","@type":"sc:Sequence","label":"Current Page Order","viewingHint":"individuals","canvases":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28564","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","width":1750,"height":1110,"images":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/annotation/28564","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28564","resource":{"@id":"https://iccrom.archiui.com/cataloga/media/iccrom/images/2/8/5/74787_ca_object_representations_media_28564_original.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1750,"height":1110,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","@id":"https://iiif.archiui.com/iiif/2/iccrom-images-2-8-5-74787_ca_object_representations_media_28564_original.jpg"}}}]},{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28565","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"2","width":1740,"height":1096,"images":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/annotation/28565","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28565","resource":{"@id":"https://iccrom.archiui.com/cataloga/media/iccrom/images/2/8/5/13333_ca_object_representations_media_28565_original.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1740,"height":1096,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","@id":"https://iiif.archiui.com/iiif/2/iccrom-images-2-8-5-13333_ca_object_representations_media_28565_original.jpg"}}}]},{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28566","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"3","width":1184,"height":1726,"images":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/annotation/28566","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28566","resource":{"@id":"https://iccrom.archiui.com/cataloga/media/iccrom/images/2/8/5/56439_ca_object_representations_media_28566_original.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1184,"height":1726,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","@id":"https://iiif.archiui.com/iiif/2/iccrom-images-2-8-5-56439_ca_object_representations_media_28566_original.jpg"}}}]},{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28567","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"4","width":1196,"height":1750,"images":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/annotation/28567","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28567","resource":{"@id":"https://iccrom.archiui.com/cataloga/media/iccrom/images/2/8/5/71635_ca_object_representations_media_28567_original.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1196,"height":1750,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","@id":"https://iiif.archiui.com/iiif/2/iccrom-images-2-8-5-71635_ca_object_representations_media_28567_original.jpg"}}}]},{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28568","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"5","width":1146,"height":1533,"images":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/annotation/28568","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28568","resource":{"@id":"https://iccrom.archiui.com/cataloga/media/iccrom/images/2/8/5/84734_ca_object_representations_media_28568_original.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1146,"height":1533,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","@id":"https://iiif.archiui.com/iiif/2/iccrom-images-2-8-5-84734_ca_object_representations_media_28568_original.jpg"}}}]},{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28569","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"6","width":1164,"height":1728,"images":[{"@id":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/annotation/28569","@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","on":"https://archives.iccrom.org/iiif/manifest/en/41887/canvas/28569","resource":{"@id":"https://iccrom.archiui.com/cataloga/media/iccrom/images/2/8/5/98280_ca_object_representations_media_28569_original.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","width":1164,"height":1728,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","@id":"https://iiif.archiui.com/iiif/2/iccrom-images-2-8-5-98280_ca_object_representations_media_28569_original.jpg"}}}]}]}]}